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Transformer Explainer: Interactive Learning of Text-Generative Models

Aeree Cho, Grace C. Kim, Alexander Karpekov, Alec Helbling, Zijie J. Wang, Seongmin Lee, Benjamin Hoover, Duen Horng Chau

2024-08-09

Transformer Explainer: Interactive Learning of Text-Generative Models

Summary

This paper introduces the Transformer Explainer, an interactive tool designed to help people understand how Transformer models, like GPT-2, work in generating text.

What's the problem?

Transformers are powerful models used in AI for tasks like generating text, but many people find it hard to grasp how they operate. The complex math and structure behind these models can be confusing, especially for those without a technical background. This lack of understanding can limit the ability of non-experts to effectively use or trust these models.

What's the solution?

The authors developed the Transformer Explainer, which runs directly in a web browser and allows users to interact with a live version of the GPT-2 model. Users can input their own text and see how the model processes it in real-time. The tool provides visualizations that break down the model's operations, making it easier to see how different parts of the Transformer work together to generate text. It requires no special installation or hardware, making it accessible to everyone.

Why it matters?

This research is important because it democratizes access to knowledge about advanced AI technologies. By providing an easy-to-use tool for learning about Transformers, it helps more people understand and engage with AI, which can lead to better applications and innovations in various fields such as education, content creation, and technology development.

Abstract

Transformers have revolutionized machine learning, yet their inner workings remain opaque to many. We present Transformer Explainer, an interactive visualization tool designed for non-experts to learn about Transformers through the GPT-2 model. Our tool helps users understand complex Transformer concepts by integrating a model overview and enabling smooth transitions across abstraction levels of mathematical operations and model structures. It runs a live GPT-2 instance locally in the user's browser, empowering users to experiment with their own input and observe in real-time how the internal components and parameters of the Transformer work together to predict the next tokens. Our tool requires no installation or special hardware, broadening the public's education access to modern generative AI techniques. Our open-sourced tool is available at https://poloclub.github.io/transformer-explainer/. A video demo is available at https://youtu.be/ECR4oAwocjs.